Hurricanes pose a major threat to both lives and property. Although strong winds are a defining characteristic of these storms, the majority of fatalities and damage typically result from storm surge and flooding. This checklist outlines key steps your organization, employees and community should take before, during and after a hurricane to help minimize risks and recover more quickly.

When the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Hurricane Center issues a watch (typically 48 hours before expected hurricane or tropical storm conditions) or warning (usually 36 hours in advance), begin implementing your preparedness plan right away. Storm surges and exceptionally high tides can push water many miles inland, while torrential rainfall often leads to widespread flooding. Additionally, hurricanes can spawn tornadoes, posing further dangers even in inland areas.

The National Weather Service (NWS) uses the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (Categories 1–5) to classify hurricane intensity based on sustained wind speeds, storm surge potential and anticipated damage. Businesses in at-risk areas should develop a comprehensive hurricane preparedness plan that includes specific actions for staff. Familiarize yourself with the following terms:

• Tropical Depression: An organized system of clouds and thunderstorms with a defined circulation and maximum sustained winds of 38 mph (33 knots) or less.
• Tropical Storm: An organized system of strong thunderstorms with a defined circulation and maximum sustained winds of 39–73 mph (34–63 knots).
• Hurricane: A severe tropical system with a well-defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of 74 mph (64 knots) or higher.
• Storm Surge: A large dome of water propelled onshore by hurricane or tropical storm winds, which can reach heights of 25 feet or more and span hundreds of miles.
• Storm Tide: The combined effect of a storm surge and the normal tide (e.g., a 15-foot surge plus a 2-foot high tide creates a 17-foot storm tide).
• Hurricane/Tropical Storm Watch: Hurricane or tropical storm conditions are possible within the specified area. These watches are typically issued 48 hours before the onset of tropical storm-force winds. Stay tuned to NOAA Weather Radio or local media.
• Hurricane/Tropical Storm Warning: Hurricane or tropical storm conditions are expected in the specified area, usually within 36 hours. Complete your storm preparations promptly and evacuate if directed by local authorities.
• Extreme Wind Warning: Sustained winds of 115 mph or greater, usually in the hurricane’s eyewall, are imminent. Immediately seek shelter in a secure, interior room.
• Short-Term Watches and Warnings: These are issued for specific threats like flash floods or tornadoes associated with hurricanes and tropical storms.

By understanding these terms and having a well-practiced preparedness plan, your organization and staff will be better equipped to stay safe and respond effectively when hurricanes threaten.